Download Prison Slave Jpg

Download Prison Slave Jpg

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Pictures are listed by subject and campaign. Original captions are in quotation marks. Photographers, artists, locations, and dates, when known, are also included. This information is followed by the local identification number and the National Archives Identifier number (NAID). The National Archives Identifier number is linked to the online catalog where a digitized file of the photograph will be available for download. The images included in this list are only available in black and white. The selected photographs are in the public domain and have no Use Restrictions.

112. "A lanky GI, with hands clasped behind his head, leads a file of American prisoners marching along a road somewhere on the western front. Germans captured these American soldiers during the surprise enemy drive into Allied positions." Captured German photograph, December 1944. 111-SC-198240. National Archives Identifier: 531236

130. " The March of Death. Along the March [on which] these prisoners were photographed, they have their hands tied behind their backs. The March of Death was about May 1942, from Bataan to Cabanatuan, the prison camp." 127-N-114541. National Archives Identifier: 532548

131. " This picture, captured from the Japanese, shows American prisoners using improvised litters to carry those of their comrades who, from the lack of food or water on the march from Bataan, fell along the road." Philippines, May 1942. 208-AA-288BB-2. National Archives Identifier: 535565

168. " We were getting our second wind now and started flattening out that bulge. We took 50,000 prisoners in December alone." American soldier with captured Germans. Ca. 1944. 208-YE-105. National Archives Identifier: 12010189

169. " The endless procession of German prisoners captured with the fall of Aachen marching through the ruined city streets to captivity." Germany, October 1944. 260-MGG-1061-1. National Archives Identifier: 541597

172. " American prisoners of war celebrate the 4th of July in the Japanese prison camp of Casisange in Malaybalay, on Mindanao, P.I. It was against Japanese regulations and discovery would have meant death, but the men celebrated the occasion anyway." July 4, 1942. 111-SC-333290. National Archives Identifier: 531352

176. " Gaunt allied prisoners of war at Aomori camp near Yokohama cheer rescuers from U.S. Navy. Waving flags of the United States, Great Britain and Holland." Japan, August 29, 1945. 80-G-490444. National Archives Identifier: 520992

178. " These are slave laborers in the Buchenwald concentration camp near Jena; many had died from malnutrition when U.S. troops of the 80th Division entered the camp." Pvt. H. Miller, Germany, April 16, 1945. 208-AA-206K-31. National Archives Identifier: 535560

179. " This victim of Nazi inhumanity still rests in the position in which he died, attempting to rise and escape his horrible death. He was one of 150 prisoners savagely burned to death by Nazi SS troops." Sgt. E. R. Allen, Gardelegen, Germany, April 16, 1945. 111-SC-203572. National Archives Identifier: 531265

181. " A truck load of bodies of prisoners of the Nazis, in the Buchenwald concentration camp at Weimar, Germany. The bodies were about to be disposed of by burning when the camp was captured by troops of the 3rd U.S. Army." Pfc. W. Chichersky, April 14, 1945. 111-SC-203464. National Archives Identifier: 531261

183. " A German girl is overcome as she walks past the exhumed bodies of some of the 800 slave workers murdered by SS guards near Namering, Germany, and laid here so that townspeople may view the work of their Nazi leaders." Cpl. Edward Belfer. May 17, 1945. 111-SC-264895. National Archives Identifier: 531343

Temples were the first buildings used to house offenders by allowing sanctuary. A collection of Chinese poetry, history and philosophy edited by Confucius noted prison building around 2000 B.C. Greek Herodotus wrote about an Egyptian ruler who used detention in conjunction with forced labor in the 11th century.

Incarceration in and of itself was not considered punishment until the 14th or 15th centuries; instead, prisons were meant only to confine people until their trial or the imposition of corporal punishment or exile. Prisons were used to detain those who had fallen out of favor with the rulers (political prisoners), common criminals, slaves, prisoners of war, debtors and those convicted of treason. Incarceration was used to coerce the payment of debts, detain those awaiting trial and provide a venue for the exhibition of prisoners prior to mutilation.

The living conditions in early prisons were deplorable and many prisoners did not survive. Many prisons were built underground with little or no light. Some were built out of bedrock and accessed by a trapdoor, through which prisoners were dropped to the cell below. Rarely were men, women and children separated. In the 13th century, some prisons began separating the women from the men and separating offenders by offense. For instance, felons and serious wrongdoers were frequently kept underground, while debtors, political prisoners and prisoners of war were kept in larger rooms above ground. Little evidence exists of these ancient prisons.

The Tower of London, one of the oldest towers in Britain, is probably the most famous of this type of prison. It consists of four levels, with the lowest level (called the vaults) used until the end of the 15th century as a prison for rebels, pirates and Jewish people subject to religious persecution. The Tower of London has also held political prisoners throughout the centuries and prisoners of war in World War I and II. Tower prisons have window slits which are 2 inches wide by 44 inches tall, making them suitable for shooting arrows, but not escape.

The ground floor of tower prisons typically housed the prison keepers and their servants, the second floor held imprisoned noble men and their families in spacious rooms, and the upper floor housed the servants of the imprisoned noblemen.

Prisoners who were rich did not suffer much; they had plenty of food and sometimes were able to have their families stay with them for a price. The Kilmainham Gaol in Ireland had windows along the street so that the prisoners could beg for food or liquor from passersby.

Prisoners at Andersonville at times shared their thoughts about the flag flying over them in captivity both at Andersonville and elsewhere. Robert H. Kellogg, 16th Connecticut Infantry, referred to the Confederate flag at Andersonville as an "ill-omened emblem" and described prisoners singing a song,

Confederate soldiers stationed here likely saw the flag at the prison with a great sense of pride. For many of the reservists serving as guards, many of whom had lost brothers, fathers, and sons to the war already, the opportunity to serve under a Confederate flag gave them a sense of belonging and purpose in the cause for southern independence. They too were serving their country.

Although a Confederate flag flew over the prison stockade, the American Flag was present inside, both in spirit and in body. Although it was considered contraband that could be confiscated and destroyed upon discovery, even a glimpse of the Stars & Stripes could give prisoners hope. When the 16th Connecticut Infantry was captured, the men cut up their regimental flag to prevent its capture, and each of the men carried a fragment of the flag into captivity as a reminder of what they fought for. On the Fourth of July, a group of prisoners waved a small American Flag, prompting a rousing cheer from their fellow captives. The Confederate staff searched for the men with this flag in order to confiscate it and punish them, but proved unsuccessful.

Flags symbolized not only suffering in captivity, but freedom from it as well. Many prisoners described in memoirs the elation felt the first time they saw the American Flag. Goss wept, "Thank God for his mercy, [we] were again under the old flag. How our tear-dimmed eyes gazed at its folds, and we, with solemn, sobering voices, said 'Thank God! Thank God!'" Men held in captivity under one flag have a special appreciation for the power of the American Flag.

Although a Confederate flag stood over 45,000 prisoners for fourteen months in 1864 and 1865, the Stars & Stripes has since proudly waved in honor of the sacrifices made both by those held here and those buried in the national cemetery. For nearly 150 years, those buried here are honored each Memorial Day with the placement of today more than 20,000 American flags at each grave.

To mark the 150th anniversary of Andersonville, from February 2014 until May 2015, a Second National Flag of the Confederacy will be flown over the Star Fort, site of the Confederate headquarters. The Second National Flag was selected for this because it was the official banner of the Confederate government through most of the prison's operation. This allows the park to best recognize the broad meanings that flags held at Andersonville for Confederate officials, guards, prisoners, civilians, and slaves.

The decision to fly a Confederate flag at the site is not taken lightly. For many, it is a symbol of personal and regional heritage & pride, especially for many southerners who can trace ancestors in the Confederate Armies and even the guard force here. Others see it as a disrespectful banner of slavery, racism, and violence. Our purpose is neither to wave this flag as a symbol of southern pride nor as a disrespectful affront to those who suffered under it and against it. The Second National Confederate Flag flies at the Star Fort in order to both recognize the role of the Confederate army at the site and to consider the broader scope of the conflict. The flag serves as a tool with which to engage visitors in conversations about loyalty, captivity, freedom, and responsibility.

The management of violent extremist prisoners (VEPs) poses major challenges to many United Nations (UN) Member States. At the same time, the detention period represents a unique opportunity to promote disengagement from violence and develop prevention strategies that can reduce the risks of recidivism in the medium- and long-term. 781b155fdc