Optical Communication Systems By John Gowar Pdf _VERIFIED_ Free 25
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Companies offering this type of service include fibre-replacement.net[18][self-published source] and Optical Fibres, Inc.[19][self-published source] whose offerings include fiber-optic on the move, fiber optic rewiring, fiber optic testing, fiber-optic repair, fiber optic drop connections, and fibre-optic protectors.
To communicate through the air waves, radio waves had to be spread over a relatively large band; for example, the AM radio band occupies a wide range of frequencies from about 1 kilohertz to 1 million hertz.[52] Fibre optics can transmit much narrower bands of light, around 1 trillion hertz. But spread the light over a large distance, and the fiber has a much wider bandwidth. Amplifiers are used in passive fiber optic communication to compensate for attenuation in the fiber and amplifiers need to be used to compensate for attenuation. Amplifiers are used between nodes in active fiber optic networks.
Many attempts have been made to improve the performance of fiber. These include fiber lasers and fiber Bragg gratings used in wavelength-division multiplexing.[citation needed] Fiber Bragg gratings, for example, can be used to improve the performance of wavelength-division multiplexing systems.[self-published source] Another way to increase the capacity of a given fiber is to amplify the signal as it travels in a fiber, using a combination of fiber lasers and Raman amplifiers.[self-published source] d2c66b5586