Traveller Elementary Students Book 143 Sentimento Patience
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1559 LORICHS [sometimes LORCK], Melchior (1902) Konstantinopel unter Sultan Suleiman dem Grossen aufgenommen im Jahre 1559 durch Melchior Lorichs aus Flensburg. Nach der Handzeichnung der Künstlers in der Universitäts-Bibliothek zu Leiden mit anderen alten Plänen herausgegeben und erläutert von Eugen Oberhummer... Munich. [Large, panoramic drawings of Constantinople by Melchior Lorichs (c. 1526-1585) have much handwritten annotation in the margins, most of which can be read, with some difficulty. Eugen Oberhummer provided a printed edition of this manuscript material, as well as the mappings. Brief remarks appear about the mute servants' communication with signs. Some orthography differs from modern German. Some words are illegible. Missing letters and words appear with dots ... or dashes --, and some 'conjectural words', or parts of words, are in italics.] " d.. Kayser zu...da stehen gemeiniglich seine stumen die weder | reden noch horen konnen ..e bedeutten Jene mit vil selzamen Zeichen was sy wellen vor In." [Here, Oberhummer's comment links this note with the following:] "Seine des Kaysers Stume Leutte mussen stum vnd vnd hoerloss geboren sein auch nicht schreiben noch | Lesen konen, der sein etwa bey 30. Die haben seine Buecher, Brieffe und geheimes schriben in verwarung || Sy bringen Im auch fur, was vndter sein Hoffgesinde und in der | Statt ja was in der welt neuwes geschieht. vnd dasselben |-----Zeichen | vnd Deuttungen mit dem Haupt, Hand vnd Fussen vnd a----- man sich dessen ser hoch zu verwundern hat. Konen Ime die | personen, namen vnd gestaldt des leibes, ob sie kurz oder lang ---- einen ganngk haben, vnd niemandt vertraut Inen, es mu ...en, | wie auch die Turcken selbst sagen, der Teuffel mit Inen Redt ----- s Kinder vnd was seins gebluez ist Todten, wans der Kayser haben wil. ||--- I....I niemandt were, zum Kayser zu gehen, weder bey tage noch bey nacht." (pp. 9-10) [The passage above was kindly transcribed by Katharina Sprick, who also provided a draft translation.] [The first sentence indicates that the Sultan's mute servants customarily stood by, who could neither speak nor hear. They communicated with him by many peculiar signs. The second passage suggests that those servants, numbering about 30, must be born deaf and dumb, and not able to read or write. (This 'qualification' would be explained by what follows). They have the Sultan's books, letters and private writing in their safekeeping. They bring him news of what is happening among the court servants, in the city or state, and indeed in the world. They make their communication with head, hands and feet. (Some missing feature of this is said to be very surprising). They are able to (describe? identify? mimic? indicate by signs?) individuals, names, shape of bodies whether short or long (and some other features?) or by people's gait. Nobody trusts them, because (as the Turks say) the Devil speaks with them (?). There is also mention of the deaf-mute servants' involvement in killing the Sultan's own children, on his orders.] [The notes by Lorichs are considered by Necipoglu (1991, pp. 26, 28, 268) to be the earliest actual description of sign language in the Seraglio, supposedly "introduced to the palace by two mute brothers during the reign of Suleyman I." See also later references to the mutes and their sign language by Necipoglu (pp. 28-29, 118, 283 {notes 63, 77}, plate 16 with text, plates 25a-f). However, Necipoglu states (p. 118) that the requirement of silence in the Sultan's presence "led to the invention of a sign language that was used in the palace after the middle of the sixteenth century," apparently based on the historian Ata, and Bobovius. In fact, Erizzo (see above) in 1555-1556 noted the regular communication between the Sultan and his mutes. Thirty years earlier Bragadin (see above) referred to Suleiman's mute messenger. Turkish sources for mutes at court predate Bragadin by a further 50 years, as shown above. From the 1470s, and possibly earlier, the mutes and their masters needed to be able to communicate with some accuracy. Also, if several mutes worked together over a period of time, it would be surprising if they did not develop at least an elementary sign language between them, or used one which they had learnt earlier in a different deaf group.] 2b1af7f3a8